Architectural Photography: Camera and Lenses Required for the Architectural or Interior Photographer

As with any line of work, having the right tools is essential in one's ability to successfully accomplish the task efficiently and deliver a final product, which measures up to Professional standards. Photographing Architecture and Interiors requires specialized equipment, especially with regards to lenses.

In photographing architecture, or interiors, whether it be for the architect, or the interior design, hospitality, or homebuilder markets, care must be taken to keep all vertical lines perfectly plumb and true and this requires that the camera be perfectly level. However, frequently one will need to show more ceiling or foreground, and tilting the camera up or down will cause parallax where the verticals will converge upwards if the camera is pointed up, or converge down if the camera is pointed down, and this is unacceptable. What is required is a special lens that can be raised and lowered to allow for more height or foreground, and still maintain the level camera position.

Up until recently (the past 8 years or so) the standard camera for photographing Architecture and Interiors was the 4x5 technical view camera, as this camera had standards that allow for the lens or camera back to be raised, lowered, swung left or right (off axis) and tilted (for optimum depth of field). The 4x5 format was well suited for Architectural photography as well as opposed to the more elongated 35mm format of the newer digital cameras. Since the advent of the professional quality digital cameras, most architectural photographers have switched to the professional level digital camera, which is the 35mm format. If money is no object, there are technical view cameras that have digital backs, but they are extremely expensive, and if one understands what constitutes a good architectural or interior photograph, one can work around the limitations of the more affordable, yet excellent quality professional digital cameras, such as the Nikon or Canon series. After shooting with the 4x5 view camera exclusively for over 30 years, I have had to adjust to the smaller and more elongated format of the digital camera and my clients don't see the difference; when I find that I really want more space then the 35mm format allows, I just add to the canvass size and layer in the additional spatial content in Photoshop.

Essential equipment for the Architectural photographer

Camera:

One of the most important features in the digital camera that one uses for architectural photography is the size of the chip. The camera with the largest chip - or at least a full sized 1:1 ratio to the lens is imperative. Wide-angle lenses are always required and one cannot afford the loss of image space when using a camera with a lens factor of anything less than 1:1, which allows for the full use of the wide-angle capabilities.

Another helpful feature is the automatic exposure bracketing so one can bracket up and down at least 2 stops from the base exposure. There also must be a setting for Manual as that is the setting that will always be used. Most, if not all, of the professional digital cameras that are a full size 1:1 chip ratio will have these features.

Lenses:

As previously mentioned, having the right lenses are essential and that requires the PC (perspective control) or "Tilt Shift" lenses (I personally have never needed to use the tilt feature however). I use the 17mm Canon Tilt shift, the 24mm Tilt shift, and the 35MM PC (Perspective control) lenses on a regular basis. I also use the 28 PC lens occasionally. If one was to have only one lens to start out with, the 24mm Tilt Shift is the most important lens to have. That said, there are many times when the wider 17MM tilt shift is essential and the 35MM would be very helpful (although one could crop). It may be possible to sometimes work around these scenarios with conventional lenses and correct the parallax in Photoshop, keep in mind however, that any correction made in Photoshop will infringe on the image space. The other benefit of using the PC or Shift lens is that one can raise or lower the lens for more sky or foreground, then merge the layers in Photoshop.

It is possible to use older Nikor PC lenses with an adaptor to fit your camera. My 35 and 28 PC lenses are the old Nikor lenses (over 30 years old) and they work just fine on my Canon. There is a variation in contrast due to the lack of modern day lens coating techniques, but it is nothing that minimal Photoshop adjustments can't easily handle.

Another option that works well, although I have never tried it, is to use a 1.4 tele-converter on the 17 or 24 or 35 MM TS lenses, effectively converting them to the 24, 35 or 50MM focal lengths. There are other advantages as well, i.e. a larger image circle which translates into more coverage and movement with the lenses, with less distortion.

Tripod: I always a heavy tripod and a cable release on the camera and lock the mirror in the "up" position to minimize vibration. A tripod head that has flat surfaces on the sides is also very helpful for leveling if the tripod head doesn't have levels built in (even these will need adjusting from time to time).

Level: Always use a small level for leveling the camera or Tripod head. The "hot-shoe" levels are not accurate. Trying to find a level spot on the ergo friendly style of cameras today is impossible, so leveling the tripod first, then refine the camera angle and then take off the camera an level again, is the most accurate procedure. Verticals can be more problematic if the tripod head doesn't have a flat surface on which to place the level. As already stated, there are Photoshop fixes for parallax correction, but it is much easier and less time consuming to get it level in the first place and more importantly any postproduction correction will result in cutting off some of the image, which may be very problematic.

Although these tools are essential for Architectural and Interior photography, the most important tool of all is an understanding of what makes a good architectural and interior photograph! One must understand and be sensitive to what the architect, builder or interior designer is conveying in their design, and then present that design in the strongest possible way. As professional commercial Architectural photographers, it is our job to sell our client's product.

Paul Schlismann

Photography - Camera Lens Converters Verses Camera Lenses

Being an avid user and fan of the DSLR digital camera I realise that there are quite a few choices when it comes to low cost picture improvement. Wouldn't you agree that it is great to get that DSLR camera that you wanted, and even better once you have mastered the basic uses and functions that that camera has to offer? But what camera equipment choices do you think you should be making in order to take the next step in getting even better results from your efforts and camera.

I guess the first thing is being sure to get the camera that best suits you and your needs, which is not especially easy with so many digital camera manufacturers and each one having an extensive range to choose from.

The SLR (Single Lens Reflex) versions of digital camera, the DSLR have some truly outstanding capabilities even when standard, the picture quality when using the auto modes can make even the most basic of pictures appear as though they were taken by an expert.

So deciding on a DSLR digital camera makes more sense as it will give you far more options and choices for a multitude of options, as well as possibly the best results for your money.

Choosing the manufacturer and model for your DSLR requires a little research and weighing up all your personal requirements, not least of all the cost. The best place to get a great camera deal is not necessarily the high street store or mall, instead focus on the Internet.

Online stores have a lot less overheads and only have each other to compete with so searching for the right deal can take a bit of time, but by being smart you can find a site that has done all the legwork for you. Online deals offer great discounts, vouchers, and in a lot of cases you will even get free delivery.

Moving On...

There are so many accessories and extras that will catch your eye, one of which will no doubt be telephoto lenses for getting some great distance photographs that might otherwise be lost on a smaller lens.

Generally with a majority of DSLR cameras you should get something like 18-70mm or round about that so the first step up would be to go for a 200mm lens.

There are a variety of choices when it comes to lenses as well as in some cases a hefty price tag as well, but needless to say that the dearer ones are going to be better optical quality giving better clarity at distance.

There Is a Cheaper Option...

Alternatively for a much smaller price tag you can buy what is known as a 2x camera lens converter. (Before going any further I should like to make it clear at this point that the majority of converters only tend to work while using manual mode for focussing. That said the results can certainly be phenomenal and give the users two great ends of the scale).

Converters give you benefits of both worlds as they are ideal for close ups offering 2x the magnification that you previously had as well as great distance shots too.

This is something you would not necessarily get if you had bought a bigger lens as the lower ranges tend to be pretty high. For a 18-70mm lens you will now have 140mm top end, but for only a fraction of the cost of a 200mm lens.

This is a great comparison and for anyone starting out should give them all the need range wise for some time, but the inevitable will probably happen and the mindset will change to thinking of buying a 200mm camera lens or bigger and using the camera lens converter to make it a 400mm.

But That is a Different Scenario Again...

Whatever the thinking or decision when it comes to buying DSLR digital camera lenses and accessories a camera lens converter is always going to be a great buy due to it costing a lot less than a camera lens and can improve your close up photographs as well as your distance shots.

Cell Phone Photography

Whether you use a smart device like an iPhone, or a more compact cell phone, chances are that you have a camera in your pocket right now. At one point, the optical quality of these cameras was very poor. Yet today, thanks to continued technological developments, a growing number of users are beginning to realize the power of the latest cell phone cameras. In fact, the research company InfoTrends recently reported that "more than 860 million camera phones will be sold in 2009, comprising 89 percent of all handsets shipped." If this is any indication of what the future holds, it seems likely that this trend will continue into 2010, and beyond. Here is a current look at the way cell phone cameras are being used by both professional and amateur photographers.

Citizen Journalists

With camera phones now more accessible than ever before, there has been a dramatic shift in the way breaking news is delivered to the public. One much publicized example of this took place when US Airways Flight 1549 crash landed in New York's Hudson River. Before any photojournalists arrived at the scene, Janis Krums took an iPhone picture and posted it to Twitter. To many, this image is considered to be one of the most memorable shots of 2009. Another example of this took place this past summer in Iran. Reporters were denied access to the hostile street protests. This forced major media outlets to rely on reports from citizen journalists, many of whom were using cell phone cameras to record the events. Despite the amateur footage, viewers were glued to their televisions each night to watch the historic situation unfold. Today, anyone with a camera phone can be a citizen journalist.

Going Undercover

It's true; today's camera phones simply do not have the speed, or advanced functionality of the more full featured DSLRs. Yet, the benefit of having a small, quiet camera in your pocket at all times outweighs any of its technical limitations. When a professional photographer arrives on the scene with two DSLRs, telephoto lenses, and flash units, everyone immediately notices. In certain situations, this can hinder the pro from doing his or her job, as people are more guarded, and aware of the cameras. With small cell phones however, a photographer can get the needed shot, and leave the scene virtually undetected. In addition, there are some places where professional looking cameras are absolutely prohibited. Thankfully, camera phones are more discreet, and do not generally draw attention to the user.

Mobile Uploads

One of the best parts about camera phones is the ability to share the image with others right away. You can post your photos to a variety of social media outlets such as Facebook, Twitter, and more. You can even post videos to YouTube directly from your phone. This type of content sharing has become incredibly popular. Facebook alone receives more than 2 billion photo uploads each month! On Twitter, many photographers share their "Twitpics" with their followers. These can range from "look where I am," to beautiful fine art imagery. If another user appreciates an image, it is often retweeted, and shared with even more people. It's possible to upload a photo at 10:15am, and have several hundred or more views in a matter of minutes.

Editing Your Cell Phone Pictures

For iPhone and Droid users, there are an overwhelming number of photo related apps to help edit, enhance, and share pictures. In fact, Adobe Photoshop just launched their free app for the iPhone. While in-phone editing can be convenient and fun, some users prefer to edit the old fashioned way, on their desktop computers. Cell phone images are typically JPEGS, and can be downloaded into a full version of Adobe Photoshop, or other editing software. This opens up many possibilities like layer masking, unsharp mask, noise reduction, and more.

One Device Does It All

Rather than carrying a phone, a camera, and an MP3 player, many of today's consumers are looking for one electronic device that does it all. Some shoppers simply Google "Best camera phone," and make their purchase solely on the quality of the camera. Manufacturers are taking notice, and adding more capable cameras to their phones. For example, the new Motorola Droid features five megapixels of resolution, autofocus, and a flash. The affordable Sony Ericsson C905A has a built in Sony Cybershot camera. Besides eight megapixels of resolution, you can adjust the white balance, use image stabilization, and red eye reduction. It even has specific modes for a variety of subjects like sports, macro, night, and portraits. In some cases, the memory is built in, while other models have removable cards.

Inspiration

New York photographer Robert Clark was commissioned by Sony to use his Sony Ericsson S710 camera phone to photograph across the United States for fifty days. These images were turned into a book called "Image America." It was the first ever published work featuring all camera phone images. The project was very well received, and enjoyed a great deal of media attention. The images were eventually used in a large gallery exhibit in New York.

Technique

Camera shake can be a big problem, and ruin pictures. When you use a camera phone, you have to hold it far enough from your head that you can see the image on the LCD panel. Try holding the phone with both hands. When you're ready to take the picture, press the shutter release gently, don't punch it. Many photographers either let their breath out, or take a breath in, steadying themselves before pressing the shutter.

Focus and exposure are automated on most camera phones. You should give the camera's sensors a few seconds to adjust to the light level and focus on the subject in the center of the frame before you take the picture. Lighting is also very important with camera phones. They work best in bright light and can be a problem in low light situations. Some camera phones have a low light setting or allow you to boost the brightness a bit. Bright flat lighting, such as open shade or an overcast day will produce the best detail in your pictures.

The Time is Now

With all of this great technology at our finger tips, it truly is an exciting time to be a photographer. Best of all, you don't need to spend a lot of money for one of these camera phones. In fact, most are well under $300. If you have yet to explore cell phone photography, dust off that lens on your phone, and start photographing the world around you. You just may capture something incredible!

Chris Corradino

the camera generation

Early cameras of the 16th and 17th century were able to project images onto paper or glass but the study of capturing, processing and printing the images took many more years. Up until the 17th century, scientists believed that light was composed basically of the 'white' that is perceived by the human eye. It took the research done by famous physicist Isaac Newton to discover that light is actually composed of a spectrum of colors. While he made a big contribution to the study of optics (that is at the core of camera advances) with this discovery, Newton did not actually have anything to do with camera development per se.

The early camera that first became a phenomenon was a little more than a pinhole camera and can be traced back to 1558. It was called the Camera Obscura. The Camera Obscura was seen as a drawing tool for a clearer and realistic portrayal of objects. It was in the early 19th century that an invention named the Camera Lucida was introduced by Cambridge scientist William Hyde Wollaston that consisted of an optical device that could help an artist view a distant scene or person or object on a paper surface that he or she was using to draw. In other words the artist gets to view a superimposed image of a subject on paper and this image could be effectively used to attempt to draw, trace or paint it. Both the Camera Obscura and the Camera Lucida provided an image that was temporary, which could not be lastingly captured on to paper for later reference.

Studies however continued well into the 1800's on how to actually capture the image onto material. It was during this time, around 1822 that French researcher Joseph Nicephore Niepce, created the first photograph by using paper that was coated with a chemical. The image would not stay permanently on the paper and would disappear after a short while. Even so, despite the short-lived nature of the image, the concept of photography was born with this experiment and paved the way for further study and development in this field.

Capturing images to retain them longer and permanently became the next big quest for researchers. Another Frenchman Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre partnered with Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in 1829, to develop the process of creating permanent photographs. Joseph Niépce died in 1833 but Daguerre continued with the work and succeeded in 1837 after many long years of experimentation. The process of capturing photographic images that would not fade away, introduced by Daguerre came to be known as the 'daguerreotype'.

The word 'photography' was coined by scientist Sir John F.W. Herschel in 1839 and it is actually is derived from two Greek words 'photos' meaning light and 'graphein' meaning draw.

A slightly more advanced version of the daguerreotype called the Calotype process that makes multiple copies possible using the negative and positive method became available very soon after. In fact, it was during the 1840's that the use of photographic images in advertisements first started and cameras made their mark on the power of visual communication. It was not much later, in the 1850's that photographers first started experimenting with underwater photography of seascapes.

Up until 1850, the process of capturing images was cumbersome requiring upto half an hour of light exposure. The discovery made in 1851 by Frederick Scott Archer was a blessing since the new method termed the Collodion process called for just 2-3 seconds of light exposure to capture an image.

Prior to 1871, photographers went through a development process where they had to coat the plate with wet chemical each and every time and process the image immediately. With the invention the gelatin dry plate silver bromide process by Richard Leach Maddox, negatives did not have to be developed immediately. This was an important discovery since up until then the captured image had to be processed instantly.

Kodak created in 1888 by George Eastman has been a modern day pioneer of sorts in cameras and photography for the masses. George Eastman and the scientists who worked with him at Kodak developed the photographic film in 1889 and made it available in rolls for the mass use of consumers. An important milestone in our entertainment and communication history was the development of transparent roll film by Eastman. This development led to another key invention - the motion picture camera by Thomas Edison's in 1891.

-->Modern Times

During the 20th century the pace of technology development in cameras and photography continued at an accelerated pace much like many other key technology developments. While several key inventions like car, telephone and the gramophone record happened in the later half of the 19th century, it is the last 100 years that saw major developmental work in many areas of communications technology and as well as in other fields - TV, aircrafts, PCs, digital technology, digital cameras, mobile phones, fax machines and the internet, to name a few.

In the case of the camera, the developments simplified the whole process of photography, making it accessible to one and all at affordable prices and the camera industry denizens of our times made it into a mass phenomenon. The first mass use camera became available at the turn of the 20th century and can be traced back to the year 1900. There are hundreds of models of cameras available today both for the amateur as well as the professional and the camera is an important part of any family's repertoire of must have gadgets.

-->20th century chronology in the history of the camera:

1913: 35 mm still-camera created

1927: The flash bulb introduced by General Electric Co. (The concept of camera flash existed much before but was based on the use of a flash light powder that was invented by German researchers)

1935- 1941: Kodak starts marketing Kodachrome film and subsequently launches Kodacolor negative film. Canon released the Hansa Canon in 1936, the first 35mm focal-plane shutter camera.

1948: The concept of the Polaroid camera is introduced in the market. American scientist Edwin Land developed the process for instant photography. Later Polaroid Corporation developed the 'instant color' film around 1963.

1957: Frenchman Jaques Yves Cousteau invented the first waterproof 35mm camera for underwater photography named the Calypso Phot. The actual camera was developed by the Belgian airplane technical designer Jean de Wouters based on the blueprint and suggestions given to him by Cousteau.

1972: The electronic camera that does not require film was created and patented by Texas Instruments. This is however not the same as a digital camera though you don't require film in digital cameras as well. The launch of the digital camera is still many years away.

1975: Kodak's experiments with digital imaging kicked off around the mid seventies but it will take another 20 years before a digital camera for the home consumer market is launched.

1978 - 1980: Asian players like Konica and Sony begin to make their mark. The 'point and shoot' automatic focus camera is launched by Konica while Sony starts talking about the camcorder and demonstrates a prototype.

1981: Sony launches a commercially available electronic still camera. Similar to the 1972 invention by Texas Instruments, the Sony electronic camera came with a mini disc on which images were recorded and stored. The recorded images could be later printed or viewed on a monitor using a reader device.

1985: Digital processing technology makes its entry. Digital imaging and processing is introduced by Pixar.

1986: The camera industry becomes even more consumer focused and taps the fun and travel connotations behind camera usage, with the launch of the concept of the disposable single use cameras. Fuji is credited with the development of this concept.

Also in 1986 - 1987, Kodak started taking giant strides in digital development. Digital means, the photographic image is divided into tiny units of dots or squares known as pixels. Pixels are the programmable units of an image that can be processed by computers. Each image could be made up of millions of pixels. The use of pixels in digital technology allows storing large volumes of pixels to deliver high definition print quality.

1990: Kodak introduces Photo CD's. It is a system of storing photographic images on CD and then viewing them on a computer. With this development the user-friendly approach of the camera industry began to take concrete shape.

1991: Kodak introduces a digital camera targeted at professionals and journalists. Kodak is credited with the invention of a pixel based camera technology known to us as the digital camera. Digital cameras don't use film similar to their predecessor electronic cameras but the storage method is entirely different and the final photograph is of much higher resolution. In a digital camera photos are recorded and stored in digital form. This digital data can be transferred to a computer and processed for printing. Kodak and Canon are well known digital camera manufacturers and there are also several other key brands as well.

1994: The Apple QuickTake camera, a home use digital camera is launched. This is followed by the launch of a clutch of home use digital cameras by Casio, Kodak and others in quick succession during 1995 -'96.

-->The digital era:

The development of digital camera technology is considered to be linked to the development of TV and Video technology. The principles of transmission and recording of audio-visual images using digital electrical impulses finds use in camera imaging as well.

Through the 1990's the developments continued in camera technology, the focus now shifting to the field of digital imaging which is where the future lies. Use-friendly features like software that can download digital images directly from camera onto home computers for storing and sharing on the internet is the new norm in the market place.

The camera, the computer, the software industry and the worldwide web are today irrevocably interlinked to empower the user in experiencing the benefits of camera usage to full potential. The innovation that sparked many an invention in the camera industry found its way into the digital world as well and continued among digital camera manufacturers. During 2001, the Kodak and Microsoft partnership ensured that digital camera manufacturers could use the power of Picture Transfer Protocol (PTP) standard through Windows. The digital photo experience is a key visual driver in the Internet era. Many of Kodak digital camera models with EasyShare capabilities are compatible with Windows XP. The Kodak EasyShare software enables users to transfer digital camera pictures directly from camera to their computers and then print the pictures or even email them.

Manufacturers in a related industry like the printing industry have adapted their products to be in sync with the images created by digital cameras. Cell phone manufacturers have tied up with digital camera manufacturers to develop new age camera phones in recent years. These camera phones can capture images and share the images through the cell phone.

Among the 21st century digital developments are the advanced product offerings from digital cameras manufacturers and these are sure to occupy an important place in the ensuing history of camera development. For instance, the Kodak Professional DCS Pro SLR/c is a high-end digital camera and the Kodak website calls the DCS Pro SLR models the most feature-rich digital cameras on the market. It has an image sensor that can handle 13.89 million pixels and this makes it the highest resolution digital camera available. High resolution determines the sharpness or level of detail in photographic images. This is just a glimpse of the capabilities that digital technology places in a user's hands. Digital camera sales figures for 2003 show that the two key players Kodak and Canon have recorded impressive growth.

-->What does the future holds for camera users?

The features offered by digital cameras can be quite mind-boggling for the average user and pretty exciting for most pros. Four key ongoing camera developments that are likely to further improve the process of photography:

1. Greater resolution from even the simplest, low cost camera models

2. Usage in any type of lighting conditions,

3. Compatibility across a range of software, hardware and image types

4. Rich colors and tone

While the higher-end digital evolution continues, the prices of the simple camera have crashed to such an extent that even children and teens are proud owners of uncomplicated cameras. The camera and photography interest starts young and this creates a truly large audience base for the camera industry.

Christopher Haslego

Camera Lessons - Prime Vs Zoom Lenses

If a budding photographer looks to upgrade a lens the choices seem endless. Point and shoot cameras come equipped with a zoom lens permanently attached so I'm really talking about those with Digital Single Lens Reflex cameras. DSLR cameras also come with some type of zoom lens or several as a kit to cover a wide variety of focal lengths.

A zoom lens lets the photographer choose different focal lengths, from wide angle to telephoto. Zoom lenses have the advantage of allowing the photographer to get closer to a subject without physically moving. They also enable the photographer a better chance of getting the shot because the photographer can compose and shoot without changing lenses. There is also less chance of getting dust on the sensor from constantly changing lenses.

When zoom lenses first came onto the market they were heavy and the quality of the images they produced could not compare to a fixed focal length (prime) lens. The quality has improved greatly because of computer design but there is usually a fall off of image quality as the lens is zoomed to longer focal lengths.

Back in the day serious photographers had a variety of fixed focal length lenses in their camera bag that were very sharp. They included a few fast (large maximum aperture) prime lenses: a wide angle lens (20-28mm), a normal 50mm lens, a portrait lens (80-105mm), and a longer lens (180-200mm) that could be used as a head and shoulders portrait lens or for sports and wildlife photography.

So why should a person carry all these different lenses when one or two zoom lenses could easily cover all the focal lengths and even the intermediary ones too?

There are images that you simply cannot capture with a zoom lens.

Prime lenses let in much more light than a zoom lens. Whereas a zoom may have a maximum aperture of say f 3.5-f 5.6 prime lenses have a maximum more like f 1.4-f 2. Aperture settings (along with focal length and distance to the subject) control what appears sharp in a photograph. By controlling what is sharp the photographer can guide the viewer's eyes to important parts of the image. When you use these lenses at their widest apertures it allows a photographer to isolate a subject from the foreground and background because at these apertures depth of field is very shallow. By using selective focusing this narrow depth of field allows for only a narrow area in the image to be sharp. In a portrait it is very important to isolate the subject from its surroundings. 

If you look at ads in magazines you will see how selective focusing and narrow depth of field are used to isolate the product name or some point of interest in the ad. Your eye naturally moves to the sharpest part of an image.

There are other advantages to using prime lenses. When you are able to let more light into the camera for exposure there is less of a need to raise your ISO and by doing so introduce noise into your image.

Most prime lenses have depth of field scales on them so you can calculate what in your image will be in focus. I use these scales all the time with my scenic images because I want everything in the image to be in focus. It really bugs me when someone shows me an image where the foreground is out of focus or the background is soft because the depth of field was not great enough to encompass both the foreground and background in the image.

Since prime lenses have the ability to let more light into the camera exposure metering is more accurate and auto focusing is faster. How many times do you have your zoom lens extended all the way and the auto focus searches for a focusing point? It is because there is not enough light entering the lens for the auto focusing and metering system to work properly.

Prime lenses will also be sharper and focus closer than the same focal length on a zoom lens.

A prime lens will only give you one angle of view and it is a good exercise to photograph with just one focal length. By doing this the photographer is able to discover what are the benefits and limitation of each of the lenses and their focal lengths. I feel that many photographers get lazy with zoom lenses. They won't move for a change in perspective or to get a better angle on their subject.

Zoom lenses are here to stay and as the quality of these lenses increases many will keep only one lens on their camera that will satisfy most of their needs for the way they photograph. Although I see the need for zoom lenses for photojournalism, weddings and some portraits where it is important to be able to get the photograph quickly, I will keep my camera bag stocked with my favorite prime lenses and use them when I know I want the very best image I can get.

Gene Rodman